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# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins, also known as menstrual pads, are essential hygiene products used by women during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring comfort, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary napkins.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

The primary components of sanitary napkins include the top sheet, absorbent core, back sheet, and adhesive. Each of these components plays a vital role in the overall functionality of the product.

### 1. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is typically made from non-woven fabric or perforated film. The materials used for the top sheet are chosen for their softness, breathability, and ability to quickly transfer moisture to the absorbent core.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical part of the sanitary napkin, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is usually composed of a blend of fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Fluff pulp provides bulk and softness, while SAP enhances the absorbency and retention capacity.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary napkin, designed to prevent leakage. It is typically made from a waterproof material such as polyethylene or a breathable microporous film. The back sheet must be both leak-proof and comfortable to wear.

### 4. Adhesive

Adhesive is used to secure the sanitary napkin to the underwear. It is usually a pressure-sensitive adhesive that provides a strong yet gentle hold. The adhesive must be hypoallergenic to prevent skin irritation.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary napkins must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and user comfort.

### 1. Softness and Comfort

The top sheet and absorbent core must be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort during use. Non-woven fabrics and fluff pulp are chosen for their gentle texture.

### 2. Absorbency and Retention

The absorbent core must have high absorbency and retention capabilities to manage menstrual flow effectively. Superabsorbent polymers are incorporated to enhance these properties.

### 3. Breathability

Breathability is essential to prevent discomfort and skin irritation. The top sheet and back sheet materials are selected to allow air circulation while maintaining leak-proof properties.

### 4. Hypoallergenic

All materials used in sanitary napkins must be hypoallergenic to minimize the risk of allergic reactions. This is particularly important for the adhesive and top sheet, which are in direct contact with the skin.

### 5. Environmental Considerations

With increasing awareness of environmental issues, manufacturers are exploring eco-friendly materials such as biodegradable non-woven fabrics and plant-based superabsorbent polymers. These materials aim to reduce the environmental impact of sanitary napkins.

## Conclusion

The composition and properties of raw materials used in sanitary napkins are carefully selected to ensure comfort, safety, and effectiveness. From the soft top sheet to the highly absorbent core and leak-proof back sheet, each component plays a crucial role in providing a reliable menstrual hygiene solution. As technology advances, the industry continues to innovate, incorporating eco-friendly materials to meet the growing demand for sustainable products.